Laser optics for defence applications
In recent years lasers have become a crucial part of modern defence systems. Laser-based defence applications range from missile and drone defence to surveillance and countermeasures. Some of the primary applications of lasers for defence are Direct Energy Laser (DEL) weapons, Rangefinders and Detection Systems, and Lidar. These systems offer superior speed, accuracy, and flexibility compared to traditional defence mechanisms.
This, while being revolutionary, is not a new idea – it is sometimes said that the inventor of DEL weapons is Archimedes, who might have used mirrors to reflect and focus sunlight into incoming wooden Roman ships, causing them to catch fire (although this might be a myth). Unlike traditional systems, such as Archimedes’ heat ray, and even much more advanced systems such as Ground-Based Interceptors (such as the Iron Dome), laser-based systems provide superior targeting precision, detection, and surveillance. Moreover, DEL weapons, such as Iron Beam or Dragon Fire, allow for pinpoint accuracy with a lower cost per use compared to conventional mechanisms and require less logistical support.
What can OPTOMAN offer for the defence market?
Highly repeatable laser optics with enhanced LIDT in various environments.
Applications and requirements
However, the implementation of lasers in defence systems comes as a challenge for coaters.
DEL weapons
These systems use kW or even MW power lasers, that require laser optics to have very high LIDT, while also being large (even up to 500mm)
Missile detectors, drone detectors, rangefinders
For this application laser optics must be very precise to give the most accurate distance or other information. Moreover, the repeatability and lifetime of laser optics are also crucial.
Lidar
High-resolution mapping and navigation require high precision. Additionally, repeatability in manufacturing these optics ensures that each lidar system operates with the same level of accuracy.
IBS technology
Ion-Beam Sputtering (IBS) technology is a game-changer that offers the kind of precision and stability that redefine industry standards. By stacking layers of different materials with precise thickness control, IBS creates optical interference coatings that are perfect for laser systems for defence applications. The stability of the IBS sputtering process results in densely packed, amorphous layers that are highly resistant to wear and environmental changes. IBS coatings are free of scatter, exhibit minimal absorption losses, and are exceptionally resistant to laser-induced damage. They meet exact spectral requirements and ensure repeatability across different batches, providing a lower total cost of ownership.
Capabilities
OPTOMAN, by mastering the Ion-Beam Sputtering technology, perfecting the design and coating processes, and pre- and post-coating procedures, has developed the skill to manufacture extreme precision, repeatability, lifetime, and LIDT laser optics.
Precision – OPTOMAN has developed the capability of manufacturing laser optics with reflectivity >99.99% at some wavelengths and configurations.
Repeatability – laser optics must be repeatable to ensure every system works as intended. OPTOMAN understands the importance of this, has many metrology processes, and ensures that each optic works as promised. Furthermore, as previously mentioned, IBS technology itself ensures the repeatability of laser optics. Read more in our tech note about repeatability.
Lifetime – OPTOMAN is very much invested in prolonging the lifetime of optics. Intense R&D has helped to develop a capability to offer optics that feature no color-change effect and have enhanced lifetime that at certain wavelengths can be backed up with lifetime measurements.
Laser-Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) – OPTOMANs’ technical expertise and R&D driven mentality has proven to give results, achieving values such as >168 J/cm2 @ 1064 nm (ns regime) and >426* kW/cm @ 1070 nm (CW regime). You can find more LIDT measurements on our LIDT capabilities page.
*426 kW was the power limit of the laser
Large optics – the capability of manufacturing large optics is paramount for DEL weapons. OPTOMAN has one of the largest IBS chambers in the world and is capable of manufacturing laser optics up to 370 mm.
Wavelength Range – OPTOMAN is capable of manufacturing all types of laser optics with wavelengths ranging from 193 to 5000 nm. Moreover, OPTOMAN has put in a lot of effort in the Mid-IR spectral range, with knowledge in handling different substrates and the capability to manufacture relatively thin coatings, reducing the cost. Learn more about Mid-IR optics in our tech note.
Design Examples
HRsp>99.9% @ 1064+1070+1550 nm, AOI = 45°
Certifications